Not much, but I spent a couple great months in the great city of Amsterdam. While there I did a lot of things. Many of those things I would recommend other people do as well. And here we arrive at this website, these are things I recommend you do in the Amsterdam.
Keep in mind these recommendations are sorta old at this point. However people who have visited recently told me they still hold up.
People bike everywhere in Amsterdam. Bicycles rule the streets, the sidewalks and most of the airways. Renting a bike is like renting a car, but slightly easier to park. Do it, and follow the rules.
There are a ton of great places, but here I will paint with broad strokes.
Generally there is a happening time at the clubs around Leidseplein and Rembrandtplien. If you stroll around there at night, the party will reveal itself to you!
For a chiller experience of drinking without loud thumping bass, head over to Nieuwmarkt
Check out this map for the big plazas.Off the beaten path: Check out the Jordaan. Sort of like the west village of Amsterdam, it is a very nice place to walk around on a weekend. It has cool bars like Cafe Nol. Nearby the Jordaan is De Nieuwe Anita, a big bar that has all sorts of events. Check their calendar around your visit for activities. You might want to stop at the Amsterdam library. It is the tallest building in Amsterdam and will give you a unique view of the city. Plus it has a little cafe/terrace at the top where you can get a beer/enjoy the sun.
Tourist sights:
Stay away from the heineken factory. Not worth the time.
Learn these two phrases, and say them often:
People usually speak english, but using these words is just polite in the Netherlands. After all it is their country, might as well use their language.
If you need groceries check out Albert Heijn, its the local grocery store chain.
For pharmacy type stuff, I believe HEMA should fit the bill. Its the CVS/Wallgreens equiviolent.